Wpływ Miejscowego Ograniczenia Przepływu Powietrza W Układzie Dolotowym Na Charakterystykę Silnika Wolnossącego O Zapłonie Iskrowym (2024)

IRJET, 2020

Intake manifold is a crucial part in an engine that acts as a medium for airflow to mix with the fuel before entering the combustion chamber. The primary function of the intake manifold was to deliver the air/air-fuel mixture to the engine cylinder through the intake port with least losses. In addition, based on the engine cylinder firing order, the flow must be evenly split among the cylinder. Intake manifolds affect the volumetric efficiency which ultimately makes impact up on the engine power and torque. Conventional intake manifolds have fixed geometry and thus does not cater for the demand of wide range of engine speed. Gas dynamics of intake system plays a key role deciding the performance of an engine. This dynamics are different for fuel injected and carbureted engine and vary according to type of engine, number of cylinders, temperature of inlet, valve timing, valve angle and other factors. This paper investigates the effect of intake runner length on the performance characteristics of a four cylinder compression ignition engine with electronically controlled fuel injector.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020

https://www.ijert.org/performance-analysis-of-multiple-intake-design-methodologies-for-an-open-wheel-race-car-vehicle-using-different-simulationshttps://www.ijert.org/research/performance-analysis-of-multiple-intake-design-methodologies-for-an-open-wheel-race-car-vehicle-using-different-simulations-IJERTV9IS070614.pdfThis paper deals with the performance characteristic comparisons and improvements achieved in the Intake Manifold designs in consecutive seasons for the development of formula style open wheel race car, by the adaptation of new methodologies to predict and control the performance characteristics as required, keeping the requirements in reference to the track and other dependent boundary conditions as well as the driver's feedback. The goal of adapting new methods was to compare how different methodology of designing the parts of the Intake system, i.e., Restrictor, Plenum, Runner and Throttle Body, influence air mass flow rate and pressure fluctuations, resulting to the obtained engine power and torque characteristics. All the previous and current designs of the parts of the Intake were flow tested by simulation using ANSYS Fluent and Simscale CFD. For performance characteristics the entire engine setup with the Intake Manifold was simulated with the help of 1-D virtual engine simulation program Ricardo Wave, to fully compare the two Intake designs between each other with the Stock engine performance characteristics to measure the amount of gain that is achieved from the previously generated design with the new design and Stock Performance characteristic of each part of the Intake was compared with different methodologies to find which one is the most effective one to gain maximum performance. In the end of the comparisons all the values were compared and tallied with the virtual performance characteristics of the Stock engine.

Internal Combustion Engines, 2012

1, 2, 3B.E.Student, Automobile Engineering, PHCET RASAYANI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA 4Asst.Professor, Automobile Engineering, PHCET RASAYANI, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract SUPRA SAE is the formula student racing event, organized by SAE India, where students from all over India participate in event and apply their engineering knowledge to make the best formula-style racing car. The primary function of the intake manifold is to draw the air from the atmosphere and distribute it evenly to each cylinder and enhance the volumetric efficiency and power output of the engine. In this paper, we have reviewed the design, calculation, material selection, manufacturing process and optimization of intake manifold and restrictor. According to the rule of the competition, a 20mm diameter restrictor should be placed at the start of the intake manifold and all the air s...

IRJET, 2020

SUPRA SAE is the formula student racing event, organized by SAE India, where students from all over India participate in event and apply their engineering knowledge to make the best formula-style racing car. The primary function of the intake manifold is to draw the air from the atmosphere and distribute it evenly to each cylinder and enhance the volumetric efficiency and power output of the engine. In this paper, we have reviewed the design, calculation, material selection, manufacturing process and optimization of intake manifold and restrictor. According to the rule of the competition, a 20mm diameter restrictor should be placed at the start of the intake manifold and all the air should pass through it. As restrictor restricts the mass flow rate going to the engine which results in reducing the volumetric efficiency, torque and power output of the engine, causing reduction in the overall performance of the engine. So, it becomes a challenging task for a student to design the intake manifold with an optimized restrictor which can allow maximum air to flow through it with minimum pressure losses and improved volumetric efficiency, torque, and power output. The overall design of intake manifold & restrictor is done using the solid works. The description of simulation of the intake manifold and restrictor is done using Ricardo software, WAVE for 1D simulation and VECTIS for 3D simulation and CFD using Ansys is also reviewed in this paper for the selection of better geometry of intake manifold.

Abstract— One of the objectives of car manufacturers is to improveengine performance, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. Toachieve this objective, it is important to understand the phenomenainvolved in the combustion chambers of engines. There are variousfactors that influence the engine performance such as compressionratio, atomization of fuel, fuel injection pressure, and quality of fuel,combustion rate, air fuel ratio, intake temperature and pressure andalso based on piston design, inlet manifold, and combustionchamber designs etc. Geometrical design of intake manifold is onesuch method for the better performance of an I.C. Engine. Air swirlmotion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution offuel injected in the combustion chamber. Intake manifolds providesAir motion to the chamber. So, to get the maximum output with theleast input on a Diesel engine researchers are experimentally andComputationally working on construction ofthe intake manifold configurations for increase in engineperformance and reduction of Exhaust Emissions. In this paper Ihave studied some papers and also gone through basics of my topicfrom various books to understand the phenomena.

International Conference of EngineeringSciences and Applications, Aswan, Egypt, 2016

An overview for the intake of aero-engines. Classification of different types is introduced for both subsonic and supersonic aircrafts. Important parameters influencing intake performance like pressure recovery and spillage drag are discussed. In addition the angle of attack, ground vortex, swirl flow and noise propagation which are critical issues are carefully considered by airframe manufacturers. Intake icing may be extremely dangerous and leads to drastic drop in air mass flow and consequently aircraft propulsion. Numerical analyses are quickly highlighted.

Journal of Robotics and Mechanical Engineering Research, 2016

This paper presents an aerodynamic review for intakes of aero-engines. Classification of different types is introduced for both subsonic and supersonic aircrafts. Important parameters influencing intake performance like pressure recovery and spillage drag are discussed. In addition, crucial performance issues such as the angle of attack, ground vortex, swirl flow, noise propagation and icing are presented. These are critical issues which are carefully considered by airframe rather than engine manufacturers. Intake icing may be extremely dangerous and leads to drastic decrease in air mass flow and consequently aircraft propulsion. Calculation of intake performance is explained. The effect of intake performance on the whole engine performance is highlighted. Numerical analyses for present and previous researches are explained and critical parameters are identified. Finally, a case study resembling the intake of a high bypass ratio turbofan engine (in close similarity to that of GE CF-6 Turbofan Engine) is numerically analysed using the commercial code "ESI-CFD 2010" is thoroughly described and analysed. This paper is the first of a series of research work that will cover several R & D activities in HBPR and future EBPR turbofan intakes.

The air standard efficiency for SI engine is approximately 60% under full load condition but the actual brake thermal efficiency under full load condition is approximately 32.6% which is due to the various losses that occur. One of the primary lose is burning time loss which is approximately 4% and occur due to finite time combustion of the charge. This lose can be reduced to some extend by generation of a higher degree of swirl which will increase turbulence intensity with in the engine cylinder. The production of turbulence of higher intensity is one of the most important factors for stabilizing the ignition process, fast propagation of flame, especially in case of lean-burn combustion In general, two type of vortices are utilized in order to generated and preserve the turbulence flows efficiently. These vortices are usually known as swirl and tumble flows, which are organized rotations in the horizontal and vertical plane of the engine cylinder, respectively. Abstract-The air standard efficiency for SI engine is approximately 60% under full load condition but the actual brake thermal efficiency under full load condition is approximately 32.6% which is due to the various losses that occur. One of the primary lose is burning time loss which is approximately 4% and occur due to finite time combustion of the charge. This lose can be reduced to some extend by generation of a higher degree of swirl which will increase turbulence intensity with in the engine cylinder. The production of turbulence of higher intensity is one of the most important factors for stabilizing the ignition process, fast propagation of flame, especially in case of lean-burn combustion In general, two type of vortices are utilized in order to generated and preserve the turbulence flows efficiently. These vortices are usually known as swirl and tumble flows, which are organized rotations in the horizontal and vertical plane of the engine cylinder, respectively. They contribute to the improvement of engine performance. Hence, it is indispensable for the development of an ICE with high compression ratio to realize high turbulence intensity and lean burn combustion. Swirl can be generated during intake stroke as well as compression stroke of the engine. Intake generated swirl usually persists through the compression, combustion, and expansion stroke and it can greatly enhances the mixing of air and fuel to give a hom*ogeneous mixture in the very short time. This is done by shaping and contouring the intake manifold, valve ports, and by use of shrouded intake valve. Keeping the above point in view, in this paper, an analysis is performed in a port fuel injection SI engine using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code FLUENT to determine the level of intake swirl induced by poppet intake valve and its reduction along the length of the cylinder. From the study it was found that intensity of intake swirl reduces along the length of the engine cylinder.

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering

The air standard efficiency for SI engine is approximately 60% under full load condition but theactual brake thermal efficiency under full load condition is approximately 32.6% which is due to thevarious losses that occur. One of the primary lose is burning time loss which is approximately 4% andoccur due to finite time combustion of the charge. This lose can be reduced to some extend bygeneration of a higher degree of swirl which will increase turbulence intensity with in the engine cylinder.The production of turbulence of higher intensity is one of the most important factors for stabilizing theignition process, fast propagation of flame, especially in case of lean-burn combustion In general, twotype of vortices are utilized in order to generated and preserve the turbulence flows efficiently. Thesevortices are usually known as swirl and tumble flows, which are organized rotations in the horizontal andvertical plane of the engine cylinder, respectively

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014

https://www.ijert.org/effect-of-intake-manifold-inclination-on-performance-and-emission-parameters-of-4-stroke-single-cylinder-c.i.-engine-a-technical-reviewhttps://www.ijert.org/research/effect-of-intake-manifold-inclination-on-performance-and-emission-parameters-of-4-stroke-single-cylinder-c.i.-engine-a-technical-review-IJERTV3IS10718.pdfThe main problem related with the combustion in C.I. engine is to get the hom*ogeneous mixture of fuel and air. Air motion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the combustion chamber. This air-motion and all other subsequent in-cylinder flow field structure developed are greatly influenced by the design and orientation of the Intake Manifold. Here, the review is given on how the design and orientation of the intake manifold influence the Performance and Emissions characteristics of diesel engine.From literature survey, it will be shown that the in-cylinder flow field structure is greatly influenced by varying the orientation of the Intake Manifold which will directly affect the performance and emission of the engine and certain orientation of the intake manifold can be optimized for the enhancement of performance with least emissions.

This paper was to analyze the air intake system of turbo charged diesel engine. This was done by measuring the pressure drop across the air filter in the air intake system. Both static and dynamic measurements were conducted with the help of pressure measuring devices such as U – tube manometer and vacuum gauge. The point of measurement was at the tapping provided for restriction placed in between air filter and turbocharger compressor. Vehicles from various categories such as passenger vehicles, light commercial vehicles (LCV) and heavy commercial vehicles (HCV) were taken up and analyzed.

-Increasing pre-combustion turbulence level by air motion inside the intake system and combustion chamber is one of the significant elements to improve the fuel economyindiesel engines. In this study, different intake port configurationswere produced by rotating the base intake port about the cylinder axisand inclining it about the symmetry axis both 30° CW and CCW directions. The effects of these configurations on enhancingswirl, tumble, turbulence level and combustion efficiencywere numerically investigated during intake, compression,and power strokes by using RNG k-ɛ turbulent model in ANSYS FLUENT. The simulation results showed that the inclined port configurations such as-30I and +30I enhanced swirl ratio and created more turbulencenear TDC on the compression stroke comparing to other configurations. Therefore,-30I and +30I configurations augmented maximum pressure by 2.1 and 3.5% and increased the indicated fuel conversion efficiency by 2.5 and 3% compared to the base port. On the other hand, the rotatedport configurations such as-30R and +30Rdid not show a significant effect to improve swirl, tumble and turbulent kinetic energy. As a result,-30R configuration increased the indicated fuel conversion efficiency by 1.1 and +30R configurationdecreased the indicated fuel conversion efficiency by 1.4.

This research paper aims at designing and developing an air intake manifold to be used in FSAE competitions. According to the rule imposed by the FSAE committee, a 20 mm restrictor should be a part of the intake manifold through which only the engine breaths in air for combustion. This rule is imposed to reduce the maximum power produced by an engine. This paper is documented as an introduction on how to design and fabricate an air intake manifold according to FSAE norms. Software tools used designing and developing an air intake manifold are Solidworks (for CADD modeling), Solidworks Flow Simulation (for flow analysis), RICARDO WAVE (for engine simulation). The results from CFD analysis and RICARDO are compared to find the most suitable design of IM for deriving maximum engine performance. The complete study and research of the IM here is done in accordance to the need of a KTM RC390 engine.

One of the objectives of car manufacturers is to improve engine performance, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. To achieve this objective, it is important to understand the phenomena involved in the combustion chambers of engines. There are various factors that influence the engine performance such as compression ratio, atomization of fuel, fuel injection pressure, and quality of fuel, combustion rate, air fuel ratio, intake temperature and pressure and also based on piston design, inlet manifold, and combustion chamber designs etc. Geometrical design of intake manifold is one such method for the better performance of an I.C. Engine. Air swirl motion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the combustion chamber. Intake manifolds provides Air motion to the chamber. So, to get the maximum output with the least input on Diesel engine researchers are experimentally and computationally working on construction of the intake manifold configurations for increase in engine performance and reduction of Exhaust Emissions. In this paper i have studied few papers and also gone through basics of my topic from various books to understand the phenomena.

TJPRC, 2014

The present work deals with the study of the flow within the intake port in both steady and unsteady states andanalyze the results to evaluate and improve the ability of the intake port to convey air identically to all cylinders with theleast possible pressure losses. Also the effect of engine speed on the volumetric efficiency has been analyzed by 2D CFDmodel at different engine speeds.Optimizing airflow performance during intake port process is the main purpose for this project. Here we are goingto Analyze in CFD simulation and experimental using academic engine flow model. This analysis could be used to increaseefficiency of volumetric flow rate and maximizing usage of air fuel in combustion process, which reduce emission toenvironment. Even though air flow have been optimized on its intake port, but still intake system could be improve byconsidering other parts of engine also such as intake manifold, Valve etc..The present work is related to, two important common fluid flow patterns from computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations, namely, effect of steady state and unsteady state analysis and effect on air motion on turbulence insidethe cylinder.The performance of the engine can be improved by efficient design of intake ports. In the process of optimizingthe port flow for improving engine performance, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation plays a very importantrole by adding cost effectiveness.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2013

https://www.ijert.org/cylinder-head-intake-port-design-in-cylinder-air-flow-patterns-streamlines-formations-swirl-generation-analysis-to-evaluate-performance-emissionshttps://www.ijert.org/research/cylinder-head-intake-port-design-in-cylinder-air-flow-patterns-streamlines-formations-swirl-generation-analysis-to-evaluate-performance-emissions-IJERTV2IS90959.pdfOn the verge of rapidly increasing threat of global warming; the environmental emission norms are becoming stringent. In-cylinder flow characteristics at the time of injection and subsequent interactions with fuel sprays and combustion are fundamental considerations for the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Intake ports are designed to provide the optimum balance between air flow and desired in-cylinder air motion characteristics which is governed by the swirl and tumble motion during the intake stroke. The effect of intake port design on swirl generations, flow patterns and streamlines has been analyzed with CFD tool. The results of the CFD simulation will assist to improve understanding of the intake process of internal combustion engine and performance evaluation of intake ports and simulation results can be verified out by prototype testing on swirl test rig.